How to Drive Correctly in Emergency Situations and Adverse Conditions

When faced with any unexpected event on the road, the first step is to remain calm. Sudden or impulsive reactions often make the situation worse. It is important to quickly assess what is happening: whether it is a mechanical issue, reduced visibility, an obstacle on the road, or adverse weather conditions. Maintaining control of the vehicle and acting cautiously should always be the top priority.

In Spain, although the climate is generally mild, episodes of heavy rain, fog, ice, or snow occur every year, especially in autumn and winter. According to Spain’s General Directorate of Traffic (DGT), a significant proportion of accidents take place under unfavorable weather conditions. 

• Rain: It reduces visibility and grip. It is essential to slow down, increase the safe following distance, and avoid sudden maneuvers. If aquaplaning occurs, the correct response is to gently lift your foot off the accelerator and hold the steering wheel firmly, without braking abruptly. 
• Fog: Requires extra caution. Low-beam headlights should be used and fog lights only when necessary. High beams should never be used, as they reflect light and further reduce visibility. 
• Snow or ice: It is advisable to drive in higher gears, accelerate and brake smoothly, and avoid sharp turns. If conditions become extreme, the safest option is to stop the vehicle in a suitable place.

If the vehicle breaks down or an incident occurs, personal safety is the top priority. Whenever possible, the car should be moved off the roadway and the situation properly signaled. In Spain, since 2024, the approved V16 emergency warning light has gradually replaced traditional warning triangles and has been mandatory since January 2026. 

Once stopped, it is important to put on a reflective vest if you need to exit the vehicle and to move to a safe location, preferably behind a safety barrier if one is available. In the event of an accident involving injuries, emergency services should be contacted immediately by calling 112.

In an emergency braking situation, the most important action is to press the brake pedal firmly and keep the steering wheel straight. Modern vehicles are equipped with systems such as ABS, which allow full braking without losing steering control. If an unexpected obstacle appears, braking should be prioritized over sudden evasive maneuvers that could lead to losing control of the vehicle.

Many emergency situations can be reduced or avoided with proper preparation. Checking the condition of the tires, brakes, lighting, and windshield wipers before a trip is essential. It is also advisable to keep the car properly equipped with basic items such as a first-aid kit, flashlight, and gloves.

 In addition, planning the journey, staying informed about road conditions, and avoiding driving while fatigued or distracted significantly reduce the risk.