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How to drive more economically There are some simple ways to improve fuel economy and save you money Tyres and maintenance Your driving style Practice matters Change habits now to boost fuel economy Obviously, the type of vehicle you purchase will have a big influence on the amount of money you spend refuelling it, but irrespective of whether it’s an efficient supermini or thirstier SUV, how you look after it and the way you drive, will also make a big difference. Some years…
The diesel engine remains one of the most widely used engines today, as it is used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, agricultural machinery, ships, and industrial applications. Like the petrol engine, the diesel engine converts chemical energy into thermal energy, which is then transformed into mechanical energy via pistons to drive the vehicle. combustor Function Construction Safety Environmental Considerations Value Retention Named after its inventor, Rudolf Diesel, the…
The part of the wheel suspension which supports the wheel bearing is referred to as the wheel carrier. combustor,hybrid,electric Function SafetyThe task of the wheel carrier is to support a car’s wheel bearing – and therefore also the wheel with it. The brake disc, brake calliper and the drive shaft (on driven axles) are also connected to the wheel carrier. A broad spectrum of geometric solutions exists to match the axle concept in question. All wheel carriers on driven axles…
The wheel suspension is the link between a vehicle’s body and its wheels. Alongside independent suspension and torsion-beam axles, rigid axles are among the most important construction types. Rigid axles are used in commercial vehicles and off-road vehicles due to their robust construction. In cars, they have been almost entirely superseded by independent suspensions (link: independent suspensions). combustor,hybrid,electric Function Safety Value retention Protection of the…
Today, the anti-lock brake system (ABS) is a standard feature of all new vehicles in Europe. ESP® is not far behind. To function reliably, electronic driving safety systems need information about the speed... combustor,hybrid,electric Function Safety DepreciationToday, the anti-lock brake system (ABS) is a standard feature of all new vehicles in Europe. ESP® is not far behind. To function reliably, electronic driving safety systems need information about the speed of the wheels,…
The combustion of fuel in the internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle produces pollutants. Exhaust gas recirculation is a method of reducing pollutant emissions from an internal combustion engine. combustor,hybrid Safety Function Environmental protection Depreciation Faults in the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR system for short) are shown by the malfunction indicator light. They can be noticed due to jerking, uneven idling or lack of power. Vehicles affected by…
Some passenger cars are equipped with rear-axle steering to improve vehicle dynamics. combustor,hybrid,electric Function Sicherheit Umweltschutz Werterhalt Rear-axle steering involves turning the wheels on the rear axle, which has a direct effect on the vehicle dynamics. This is an advantage in many different driving situations. The ability to change the toe angle of the rear wheels provides the driver with different steering functions: In tight corners or with tight driving…
Ultrasonic sensors are used in passenger cars to monitor the immediate surroundings of the vehicle and to measure distance to obstacles. They are often used in parking assist systems. combustor,hybrid,electric Function Safety Ultrasonic sensors are beam-based sensors: they send and receive sound waves that have frequencies above the perception range of the human ear (+20 / 40-50 kHz). These sound waves (usually sent by piezo-actuators by means of a membrane), disperse themselves…
Lidar sensors are used in passenger cars to measure the distance to an obstacle, and the change in this distance. combustor,hybrid,electric Function Safety Lidar is an acronym for “Light Detection and Ranging”. A lidar sensor is a beam-based sensor and uses light waves to measure distances and speeds. Like the radar sensor, the lidar sensor also emits electromagnetic waves, just in a different frequency range. These waves, also called light waves, are reflected by objects in the…
Snow chains are driving aids that are fitted on vehicle tyres. They are used to provide additional traction on snow-covered roads. combustor,hybrid,electric Function Safety Value retention Snow chains are made of plastic or metal and form a net that is pulled over the tyre tread to provide additional grip in extreme conditions. Snow chains must be fitted on the drive axle on cars. On all-wheel drive vehicles, the chains must be fitted on at least two wheels on a drive axle. When…
How to drive more economically
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Diesel Engine
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Wheel carrier
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Rigid axle
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Wheel sensors
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Exhaust gas recirculation
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Rear-axle steering
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Ultrasonic sensor
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Lidar sensor
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Snow chains
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